# Table of Contents

-   [Cases](#css) 
    -   [General](#gnrl) 
    -   [Nominative](#nmntv) 
    -   [Accusative](#ccstv) 
    -   [Genitive](#gntv) 
    -   [Instrumental (ablative, творительный)](#nstrmntlbltvтворительный) 
    -   [hierarchy](#hrrchy) 
-   [related](#rltd) [[study]]





# Cases 





## General 

-   a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads
-   A role that one of these languages marks by case will often be marked in English using a preposition.
-   Languages having cases often exhibit free word order, because thematic roles are not required to be marked by position in the sentence
-   case is a morphological category




## Nominative 

subject pronoun  




## Accusative 

object pronoun, 'to'  




## Genitive 

possessive and 'of'  




## Instrumental (ablative, творительный)

'by', 'via', 'with'  




## hierarchy 

Cases can be ranked in the following hierarchy, where a language that does not have a given case will tend not to have any cases to the right of the missing case:[4]:p.89  

nominative → accusative or ergative → genitive → dative → locative or prepositional → ablative and/or instrumental → others.  

This is, however, only a general tendency.  




# related       [[study]]